Researchers at the University of Michigan are exploring how origami can inspire the next generation of materials. Their latest study shows that introducing specific folds into materials helps them deform in controlled and predictable ways. This innovation offers new opportunities for lightweight, flexible, and adaptable designs.

Origami, the ancient Japanese art of paper folding, has long fascinated designers and engineers. By folding paper, it is possible to create complex structures without cutting or gluing. Now, this principle is being applied to materials used in design. The goal is to create structures that can expand, contract, or transform without complex mechanisms.

From Paper Folds to Metamaterials

The research focuses on trapezoid-based origami metamaterials. Unlike earlier studies, which used parallelogram folds, trapezoids offer more versatility. They allow materials to transform in two ways, breathing deformation – expanding and contracting evenly, and shearing deformation – twisting under pressure.

These properties are useful for creating adaptable materials in design. For example, architects can use them to build lightweight panels that adjust to wind loads. Product designers can develop flexible objects that fold or stretch without breaking. Packaging designers may create collapsible structures that expand when needed.

Lightweight Structures with a Focus on Sustainability

One key advantage of this research is its potential to support sustainable design. By introducing folds, materials can bear loads without needing extra weight. This reduces the amount of raw material needed and supports circular design principles. Less material means less waste and a smaller carbon footprint.

Designers in architecture and interior design can use these insights to create dynamic facades, lightweight partitions, or space-saving furniture. Product designers may find new ways to make flexible components that respond to user interaction. Packaging designers can develop innovative solutions that save space and reduce environmental impact.

What’s Next for Origami-Inspired Materials?

While this research is still theoretical, it opens up exciting possibilities for many industries. These materials could lead to deployable emergency shelters, collapsible furniture, or packaging that flexes and adapts to protect fragile items.

As James McInerney, the study’s lead author, explains: “Our goal is to enhance load-bearing designs by adding origami-inspired creases—without adding weight.”

The study, Coarse-grained fundamental forms for characterizing isometries of trapezoid-based origami metamaterials, was published in Nature Communications. The work was supported by the Office of Naval Research, the European Union, the Army Research Office, and the National Science Foundation.

Source: University of Michigan News
Photo: Ron Lach