A recently completed bus stop in Bratislava, Slovakia, demonstrates the potential of 3D printed concrete in public infrastructure. Designed by COLLARCH in collaboration with Šebo-Lichý Architects and ICE Coral 3D Printing, the project forms part of the expansion of Harmincova Street and serves the entrance to the developing Čerešne district.

Context and Design Objectives

The design was developed with the intention of integrating a transport shelter into a new urban zone while enhancing user comfort and safety. The structure is shaped as an elliptical cylinder, with its orientation informed by pedestrian movement patterns and sightlines. Its subtle inclination towards the west helps to reduce exposure to afternoon sunlight and prevailing winds. Perforations on the southeast side improve transparency and allow visibility from multiple angles.

3D Printing and Concrete Application

The primary structure was fabricated using large-scale 3D printed concrete. This method enabled the production of a complex, parametrically modelled form without traditional formwork. The layered texture created through the printing process gives the surface a geological appearance while reducing material waste and construction time.

The project utilises a digitally controlled extrusion method for precise material placement. This approach not only optimises the amount of concrete used but also allows for greater design freedom in shaping bespoke elements within urban infrastructure.

Material Finishes and Functional Elements

A roof composed of a minimalist steel frame and Stopsol reflective glass is positioned above the concrete shell. This component limits solar heat gain while maintaining visual transparency. The bus stop also incorporates integrated lighting and custom seating elements, which are similarly 3D-printed and finished with larch wood. The wood provides tactile contrast and is selected for its outdoor durability.

Relevance to Design Disciplines

The 3D printed concrete bus stop is of particular interest to architects, landscape architects, product designers, and urban designers. It exemplifies how digital fabrication techniques—particularly robotic concrete printing—can be used to produce non-standard, site-specific forms with material efficiency. The project also contributes to discussions around circularity in construction. Additive manufacturing can reduce resource use and simplify production logistics.

The integration of passive environmental strategies, such as shading and airflow optimisation, further enhances the project’s relevance in contexts seeking to reduce energy consumption in public amenities.

This case demonstrates how emerging technologies can be applied to small-scale civic infrastructure. It also offers new possibilities for sustainable, adaptable, and cost-effective design interventions in the public realm.

Source: COLLARCH, ITB Development
Photos: Tomáš Manina.