Researchers at Penn State University have developed a new textile that creates electricity from movement. This innovation could reshape wearable technology for designers in fashion, healthcare, and product design, especially those focused on smart, sustainable materials.

A Fabric That Feeds Itself

The team used a method called electrospinning, which stretches a liquid polymer into tiny fibres using electric force. These fibres form a soft, cloth-like material made from PVDF-TrFE—a flexible, piezoelectric polymer. When the fabric bends or experiences temperature changes, it generates electric charges. This makes it ideal for powering sensors without relying on batteries.

Importantly, the scientists improved how the molecules in the fibres are arranged. They adjusted the polymer’s concentration and molecular weight. As a result, the material became more crystalline, which increased its ability to produce energy. The fibres also aligned their electric charges more effectively, boosting performance.

Designed for Comfort and Scale

Unlike rigid electronics, this material feels like fabric. It can be worn comfortably, whether in clothing, sportswear, or bandages. Designers can embed sensors directly into textiles, opening new options for health tracking, fitness, or responsive garments.

Additionally, electrospinning works well at large scale. It can produce sheets of the material, not just small patches. Therefore, this technology is ready for broader use—not only in wearables but also in smart surfaces and energy-harvesting products.

A Step Toward Sustainable Electronics

This material supports circular design. It reduces the need for disposable batteries, which often create waste. Because the fabric generates its own power, it extends product lifespan and lowers environmental impact—two important goals for sustainable innovation.

Next, the researchers plan to enhance the material further. They aim to densify the fibers using heat and pressure, which could increase sensitivity and output. At the same time, they are seeking industrial partners to help scale up production and bring the technology to market.

In summary, this flexible, energy-harvesting textile offers comfort, function, and sustainability in one material. It’s a smart solution for designers exploring the future of wearables and responsive design.

Source: Penn State
IMage: Jennifer M. McCann