Researchers at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) have developed a new type of human-safe magnetorheological fibre that can change shape and stiffness under low-strength magnetic fields. Unlike conventional magnetorheological materials, these fibres remain soft, breathable and suitable for direct contact with the human body. As a result, the innovation opens new possibilities for smart wearable textiles. The fibres combine textile comfort with programmable mechanical behaviour. 

Translating Smart Materials To Fibre Scale

Until now, magnetorheological materials mainly existed as rigid components. Because of this, their use in wearables and soft products remained limited. The PolyU research team addressed this challenge by translating the technology to the fibre scale.

The researchers created soft magnetic polymer fibres with a diameter of only 57 micrometres. They achieved this by evenly dispersing magnetic particles within a low-density polyethylene matrix. Consequently, the fibres stay lightweight while still responding precisely to magnetic control.

Moreover, the fibres respond to directional magnetic stimuli, rather than simple on–off signals such as heat or voltage. This allows designers to programme movement, stiffness and deformation directly into yarns and fabrics.

From Wearable Technology To Responsive Products

To demonstrate the potential, the researchers developed three fabric-based applications. First, a flexible textile gripper shows how fabrics can switch between soft and stiff states. This approach reduces damage when handling delicate objects and points towards soft robotic product design.

In addition, a fully textile-based haptic glove can reproduce surface textures and hardness. Because the glove stays lightweight and flexible, it offers new opportunities for virtual reality, rehabilitation and immersive interaction design.

Finally, the team created fabrics that actively regulate ventilation and thermal comfort. By changing fibre structures through magnetic control, the textiles adjust air permeability in real time. Therefore, the material could support adaptive clothing systems and, in the future, responsive interior textiles.

Designed For Scalability And Material Efficiency

Importantly, the researchers considered industrial production from the start. They selected commodity-grade materials and established textile processes. This increases the chances of real-world application.

Although the fibres are polymer-based rather than biobased, their lightweight design, durability and functional efficiency support more material-efficient solutions. By replacing rigid components with textile-based systems, the research contributes to more human-centred and adaptable design approaches.

Source: EurekAlert! / The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Photo: Myriams-Fotos