Researchers at RMIT University in Australia have developed a plastic surface that can destroy viruses on contact. The innovation offers new potential for safer materials in product design, healthcare environments and public spaces.

Mechanical Antiviral Action Without Chemicals

The material is a thin, flexible acrylic film with a nanotextured surface. It contains microscopic structures known as nanopillars. These structures stretch the outer membrane of viruses until it ruptures, effectively killing them.

This method differs from traditional antimicrobial surfaces, which often rely on chemicals or metals such as silver. Instead, the RMIT surface works through physical force. This reduces the need for chemical disinfectants and coatings.

In laboratory tests, the surface proved highly effective. Around 94% of human parainfluenza virus 3 (hPIV-3) particles were destroyed or deactivated within one hour. This virus can cause respiratory infections such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia.

Scalable Solution For Design Applications

The material is not only effective but also practical. Researchers developed it using low-cost plastic that can be produced in large rolls. The process is similar to standard roll-to-roll manufacturing, like cling film production.

This makes the innovation relevant for a wide range of applications. Designers could apply the film to smartphone screens, keyboards, hospital equipment and public transport surfaces. These are all areas where hygiene plays a key role.

For architects and product designers, this type of material offers a way to integrate hygiene into everyday surfaces. It does so without changing the look or usability of the product.

Designing At The Nanoscale

The study also highlights how nanoscale design affects performance. The spacing between the nanopillars is critical. Closely packed structures perform best. A spacing of around 60 nanometres showed the strongest antiviral effect.

When the spacing increased to 100 nanometres, performance dropped. At 200 nanometres, the effect almost disappeared. This insight provides a clear design rule for future material development.

Both sharp and blunt nanostructures proved effective. This gives designers more flexibility when applying the technology to different materials and surfaces.

Towards Broader Material Applications

So far, researchers have tested the surface on enveloped viruses. These viruses have a fragile outer membrane, which makes them easier to disrupt. The team now plans to test more resistant, non-enveloped viruses. Further research will also explore how the surface performs on curved or complex geometries. This is important for real-world applications in product and spatial design.

Because the material does not rely on coatings that wear out, it may offer long-term durability. Combined with reduced use of cleaning chemicals, this could support more sustainable material strategies.

The research team is now seeking industry partners to bring the innovation to market.

Source: RMIT University
Image: RMIT University (AI enhanced)