Researchers at KTH Royal Institute of Technology (Sweden) and Tampere University (Finland) have developed a framework that enables the safe reuse of precast concrete elements. The method can extend the lifespan of concrete components by 50 to 100 years. This offers a significant opportunity to reduce the environmental impact of construction.

Concrete production accounts for up to 9 percent of global carbon emissions. Reusing structural elements—such as beams, slabs, and columns—can therefore significantly lower embodied carbon. It also preserves the value of existing materials.

From Demolition Waste To Design Resource

The researchers tested their approach using real-world case studies. One example is a pavilion built from salvaged precast elements sourced from demolished buildings in Helsingborg, Sweden. This project demonstrates how designers can treat dismantled concrete as a valuable resource instead of waste.

Until now, uncertainty has limited reuse. Current regulations mainly address newly produced concrete. As a result, designers and engineers lack clear guidance for assessing reclaimed elements.

Data-Driven Assessment And Predictive Modelling

The team addressed this challenge with a performance-based framework grounded in real data. They analysed concrete from two deconstructed buildings and ran thousands of simulations. These models predict how reused elements perform under different conditions. Key factors include humidity, CO₂ levels, and whether the element is used indoors or outdoors. These conditions affect carbonation, a natural process that reduces concrete’s alkalinity and can lead to steel corrosion.

The research shows that changing exposure conditions during reuse increases risk. For example, moving a panel from a dry interior to a humid exterior can accelerate deterioration if no measures are taken.

Repair And Surface Treatment As Design Strategies

The study also highlights the impact of targeted interventions. Surface treatments, such as water-repellent or silicone-based coatings, can reduce corrosion rates by up to 70 percent. These treatments delay cracking and extend structural performance.

This positions repair and refurbishment as active design strategies rather than afterthoughts. Designers can integrate these measures early in the reuse process.

Towards Standardisation And Scalable Reuse

The framework supports the development of national standards for reusing precast concrete elements. These include hollow-core slabs, walls, beams, and stairs. Clear assessment methods give architects and engineers more confidence to specify reused components.

By enabling safe reuse at scale, the research supports a shift towards circular construction. It encourages a design approach that prioritises longevity, adaptability, and material reuse.

Source: KTH Royal Institute of Technology
Photo: Tatiana Chekryzhova