At ETH Zurich, a new generation of designers is learning to work with what already exists. Instead of relying on new, standardised materials, students use reclaimed components from buildings marked for demolition. This approach shows how circular construction can move from theory into practice.

Designing With What Is Already There

The course Digital Creativity for Circular Construction, led by Professor Catherine De Wolf, rethinks the design process. Students do not start with a fixed design. Instead, they begin with an inventory of salvaged materials such as timber beams, steel girders and window frames.

On-site, they dismantle buildings and document each component using digital tools. Materials that would normally end up as waste become the starting point for new designs. This method requires flexibility. Students must adapt their ideas to the materials available rather than rely on standard sizes.

The projects show the potential of reclaimed materials in architecture. This is especially relevant for temporary structures, installations and community spaces.

Digital Tools Enabling Circular Design

Digital technologies play a key role in this process. Students use Lidar scanning, photogrammetry and 3D modelling to capture accurate data from existing buildings. They then apply artificial intelligence and computer vision to analyse materials and support design decisions.

They also use virtual reality to test and refine their concepts before construction. Digital fabrication tools, such as CNC machines, help them produce precise components from irregular materials.

These tools make it easier to reuse building elements. They also open up new design possibilities when working with non-standard materials.

From Demolition Site To Real-World Application

The course connects closely with industry and real clients. Students work with architecture firms, contractors and cultural organisations. Together, they develop projects for real users.

For example, students created playground structures from materials taken from a dismantled sports hall. They first exhibited these designs at Kunsthalle Zürich. Later, they installed them at a daycare centre. Other projects include open-air pavilions used for events, weddings and community gatherings.

This hands-on approach helps students deal with real challenges. Materials are not always available in the right quantity or shape. As a result, teams must constantly adapt their designs.

Preparing For A Circular Construction Industry

The construction sector produces large amounts of waste and carbon emissions. Circular design offers a way to reduce this impact. The ETH course prepares students to contribute to this transition. Students gain technical knowledge as well as skills in teamwork, communication and project management. By working directly with reclaimed materials, they learn how circular construction works in practice.

As the industry moves towards more sustainable solutions, this type of education becomes increasingly important.

Source: ETH Zurich
Photos: ETH Zurich / Ivy Filmstudio