Researchers at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), working with Stanford University, Antwerp University and Hasselt University, have achieved an important step in the development of materials that convert sunlight and CO₂ into sustainable fuels. Their work shows that low-cost, non-toxic and widely available semiconductors can support this process in an efficient and stable way. This discovery opens new opportunities for designers who aim to work with energy-positive or climate-responsive materials.

Materials That Transform Light into Fuel

The research team explored how emerging semiconductor materials behave when exposed to sunlight in photoelectrochemical systems. They examined how energy moves through these materials, how charges travel across the electrodes, and which factors influence durability. By refining these interactions, the scientists created materials that perform better and last longer. They also added catalysts that boost efficiency and extend the lifetime of the system.

These findings show that sustainable fuel production does not require rare or toxic elements. Instead, abundant materials can support advanced solar-fuel technologies. This makes future applications more realistic and scalable.

Potential for Design and Built Environments

The results are promising for architects, interior designers, landscape architects, product designers, mobility designers and packaging designers. As this technology evolves, it may lead to materials that not only form part of a structure or product but also create clean energy. Future façade panels, outdoor installations or mobility components could help convert CO₂ into useful fuels on site. Designers could integrate such systems into decentralised energy solutions or circular design strategies.

For the creative industries, the use of earth-abundant materials is especially relevant. These materials reduce environmental pressure and avoid the resource limitations that often challenge high-tech solutions. They also support long-term goals in sustainability and circularity, as CO₂ becomes a valuable feedstock rather than waste.

A Step Toward Climate-Positive Design

Dr Beatriz de la Fuente highlights the wider impact: the team has shown that efficient solar-fuel systems can be built with environmentally friendly materials. In the short term, the work expands scientific knowledge that will support cleaner and more affordable energy technologies. In the long term, these systems may evolve into compact units that support local energy production and reduce emissions.

The research strengthens VUB’s position in sustainable material innovation and contributes to a future where materials can help meet climate targets while offering new possibilities for design.

Source: Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Photo: DragonDash