A 3D printed bench made from Rotterdam wool will be unveiled at this year’s Dutch Design Week in Eindhoven. The piece is produced by the “Wobot”, a robot developed by designer Christien Meindertsma together with engineering firm Tools for Technology (TFT). It is the first robotic system known to 3D print large objects using wool. The project is supported by Rotterdam Circulair.

Rotterdam’s 2,500 grazing sheep generate around 5,000 kilograms of wool each year. Until recently, most of this wool was treated as waste and incinerated. To change this, the Municipality of Rotterdam launched De Zachte Stad (The Soft City) with Meindertsma. Their research showed that local wool can be spun and woven with good results, challenging the assumption that Dutch wool is of low quality.

From wool waste to 3D felting technology

Instead of competing with low-cost imported wool, Meindertsma explored a different approach. She focused on the material’s natural qualities: softness, acoustic absorption, fire resistance and air-filtering properties. During her research, she discovered that wool can be 3D felted mechanically, without water. The robot builds up solid volumes layer by layer, which is very different from flat felting or weaving.

In collaboration with TFT, Meindertsma developed the Wobot to produce precise, large-scale forms. This technique allows wool to be used in new applications such as furniture or packaging, expanding its potential beyond textiles and insulation.

Local circular production opportunity

For the city of Rotterdam, the project demonstrates how local waste streams can be turned into new material resources. Wool, once seen as a burden, now offers potential as a bio-based alternative to petroleum-based foams used in interiors and product design.

The 3D printed wool bench will be on display at the Van Abbemuseum during Dutch Design Week from 18 to 26 October. Afterwards, it will be shown at several locations in Rotterdam.

Source & photo: Rotterdam Circulair