Researchers at the University of Edinburgh have created a low-cost 3D printing system that makes soft robots walk straight off the printer. These flexible, air-powered devices could inspire product designers, automotive interior specialists, packaging designers, and interior designers to explore new applications for soft materials in their projects.

The Flex Printer: A Desktop System for Soft Robotics

The system, called the Flex Printer, costs less than £400 to build using off-the-shelf parts. It allows designers and engineers to print palm-sized, four-legged robots from a soft plastic material. Once printed, these robots walk off the machine when connected to a compressed air supply. The process is quick, simple, and affordable, lowering the barriers to experimenting with soft robotics.

Unlike rigid robots, these soft devices use compliant materials and air pressure instead of electronics and motors. This makes them lightweight, safe, and versatile—ideal for applications where biobased or recyclable soft polymers are important, such as interactive products, packaging innovations, or dynamic design elements in interiors.

A New Approach to Materials and Movement

Soft robotics has long been a niche field, limited by high costs, complex manufacturing, and specialist knowledge. The Flex Printer changes this by making soft robot creation accessible to anyone—from product designers and engineers to artists. With open-source design files available, the system encourages experimentation, collaboration, and innovation across disciplines.

The technology opens exciting possibilities. Designers can explore kinetic packaging, responsive surfaces, or even air-driven features for automotive interiors and interior design installations. By simplifying the process and reducing the need for complex parts, the Flex Printer supports more sustainable material choices and circular design approaches.

A Game-Changer for Designers

The project was led by Professor Adam A. Stokes from the University of Edinburgh’s Institute for Bioengineering, with PhD students Maks Gepner and Jonah Mack. Their work was funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC).

This breakthrough highlights the potential of accessible 3D printing to unlock new material possibilities for designers. Whether you’re creating soft products, dynamic packaging, or interactive installations, this technology could inspire your next project.

Source & photo: University of Edinburgh