In the quest for sustainable and affordable building materials, Compressed Earth Blocks (CEBs) present a compelling alternative to traditional bricks and concrete blocks. Made by pressing locally sourced soil with minimal cement, CEBs eliminate the need for energy-intensive firing, making them an eco-friendly solution for housing construction. However, despite their advantages, large-scale adoption of CEBs remains a challenge. A recent initiative by TNO (Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research) in Kenya seeks to overcome these barriers and demonstrate the viability of CEBs as a scalable, sustainable material.

The Environmental and Practical Benefits of CEBs
One of the main advantages of CEBs is their low environmental impact. Unlike conventional bricks that require firing at temperatures exceeding 1,000°C, CEBs cure naturally, significantly reducing carbon emissions. Additionally, their high thermal mass improves indoor temperature regulation, reducing energy needs for cooling and heating. The blocks are also produced from locally available materials, cutting down on transportation emissions and costs.

Moreover, CEBs support local economies by enabling on-site production and employment. The relatively simple production process allows local laborers to be trained in manufacturing techniques, fostering skill development and economic growth in communities.

Overcoming Barriers to Adoption
Despite these benefits, the widespread use of CEBs has been limited. To investigate the reasons behind this, TNO is working on a demonstration project in Kenya in collaboration with Habitat for Humanity and Dutch loam product manufacturer Oskam VF. The initiative includes the construction of six prototype homes using CEBs, alongside extensive research to compare their cost, durability, and environmental impact against traditional materials such as natural stone.

A key finding from the project highlights the role of cement in determining the sustainability and cost-effectiveness of CEBs. Reducing cement content from 10% to 5% or utilizing alternative binders can enhance the eco-friendliness and affordability of the material. Additionally, advancements in production technology, such as improved manual presses, can enhance the strength and consistency of CEBs.

Scaling Up Sustainable Construction
TNO’s research extends beyond material properties to explore systemic barriers in the construction industry. By engaging with architects, contractors, developers, and educational institutions, the project aims to identify practical pathways for scaling up CEB adoption. Strategies include integrating CEB production into existing brick and concrete factories, collaborating with vocational schools for training programs, and raising awareness about the benefits of sustainable building materials among stakeholders.

Future efforts will focus on expanding the knowledge gained from Kenya to other regions where CEBs could replace environmentally harmful materials. By fostering collaboration between industry partners and local communities, the initiative aspires to establish CEBs as a mainstream choice in sustainable architecture.

A Step Toward Circular and Climate-Resilient Construction
For architects, designers, and builders focused on sustainable and circular construction, CEBs represent a valuable innovation. Their combination of affordability, environmental responsibility, and scalability makes them a promising solution for reducing the carbon footprint of the built environment. As research and development continue, CEBs have the potential to redefine how we approach eco-friendly housing worldwide.

Source: TNO
Photo: TNO