Researchers at ETH Zurich have developed a new class of sustainable smart textiles that operate using acoustic waves rather than electronics. Known as SonoTextiles, these materials are not only lightweight, breathable, and washable, but also offer high precision in detecting pressure, touch, and movement. This breakthrough holds particular relevance for fashion designers, product designers, and wearable technology developers, with potential applications in automotive interiors and interactive spaces.

From Electronics to Sound Waves

Traditional smart textiles often incorporate electronic components, which can add bulk, reduce breathability, and complicate washing. SonoTextiles, by contrast, use ultrasonic sound waves transmitted through woven glass microfibres. Each fibre contains a transmitter and a receiver. When the fabric is touched or bent—for example, by a person’s movement or breathing—the length of the sound wave changes, allowing the fabric to precisely detect the interaction.

Unlike conventional systems that require intensive data processing, each glass fibre in the SonoTextile operates at a different frequency. This enables efficient signal differentiation and low computing requirements, making the system ideal for real-time applications. Data from the fabric can be transmitted directly to a computer or smartphone, enabling seamless integration into consumer products.

Diverse Applications for Designers

For fashion designers, the potential of these sustainable smart textiles is considerable. Smart T-shirts, gloves, or other garments could monitor breathing, translate gestures into commands, or offer assistive functions for health and accessibility. The material retains elasticity, making it suitable for sportswear or medical monitoring garments without compromising comfort.

In the realm of product design, these textiles could be used in cushions, wearables, or furniture that respond to pressure or posture. For example, a smart seat cover might alert a wheelchair user when it’s time to shift position, helping prevent pressure ulcers.

The technology could also have future applications in automotive design and interior environments. With further development, acoustic-responsive fibres might be embedded into car upholstery or seating systems to provide interactive feedback, enhancing both comfort and safety.

Sustainable, Circular, and Scalable

A key strength of SonoTextiles lies in their sustainability. The materials used are readily available and low-cost, and the system consumes very little power. Importantly, the use of acoustic waves instead of electronics reduces reliance on resource-intensive components. While glass fibres work well in laboratory settings, the researchers are also exploring metal fibres for greater robustness in daily use—highlighting opportunities to further optimise the material for durability and recyclability.

Future Smart Textile Developments

Though still in the research phase, SonoTextiles demonstrate significant potential for scalable use in commercial products. The ETH Zurich team is currently working to improve the system’s robustness and integration, aiming to adapt the technology for everyday applications. With continued innovation, these smart acoustic fabrics may soon offer designers a sustainable, functional, and interactive material platform.

Source: ETH Zurich
Photo: Yingqiang Wang / ETH Zurich