Researchers at Kaunas University of Technology (KTU) in Lithuania have developed a new way to turn textile waste into both alternative fuel and high-performance cement materials. Their work offers fresh opportunities for the construction and textile sectors and supports Europe’s shift towards a circular economy.
Europe produces large amounts of textile waste each year, yet only a small share is collected or recycled. Many garments end up in landfills or are incinerated. Blended fibres, colourants and additives often complicate recycling, while washing releases microplastics. These issues show why the sector urgently needs new material solutions.
KTU’s researchers are exploring higher-value uses for textile waste. When treated at about 300 °C in an oxygen-free environment, textiles break down into carbon-rich granules. These granules have a high calorific value, so they could serve as an alternative fuel. This process reduces reliance on fossil resources and diverts waste from disposal.
The team also studies how textile-based materials can enhance cement and concrete. Cement production accounts for 7–8% of global CO₂ emissions, mostly due to clinker manufacturing. Reducing clinker content is one of the most effective ways to cut emissions.
Dr Raimonda Kubiliūtė from KTU’s Faculty of Chemical Technology explains that small amounts of recycled textile fibres can improve concrete performance. Tests show that adding about 1.5% polyester fibre from discarded clothing increases compressive strength by 15–20%. It also improves freeze–thaw resistance. These qualities make the material attractive for exterior architecture and infrastructure projects.
When textile-derived fuel burns, it produces ash with a mineral composition suitable for use in cement. KTU’s experiments reveal that replacing up to 7.5% of ordinary cement with textile ash can raise compressive strength by up to 16% under standard curing conditions.
This approach lowers the amount of clinker needed and cuts CO₂ emissions. At the same time, it gives textile waste a second life in construction. For architects and product designers seeking materials with lower embodied carbon, this combination is a compelling option. It also fits well within broader industry goals for circularity and reduced environmental impact.
The research is part of Textifuel, a project carried out by KTU and the Lithuanian Energy Institute. Although large-scale production is still developing, the results highlight how cross-industry collaboration can unlock new material flows.
As Europe tightens legislation on textile and construction waste, innovations like textile-enhanced cement show strong potential. They offer designers, engineers and architects new ways to reduce environmental impact without losing performance or durability.
Source & photo: Kaunas University of Technology