A breakthrough from ETH Zurich spin-off MESH is changing how designers think about complex structures. Using robotic arms, the technology automates the bending, placement, and welding of reinforcing steel bars (rebar). This makes it possible to create free-form, intricate shapes that would be difficult and time-consuming to build by hand.
Founded by Ammar Mirjan and Mattis Koh, MESH emerged from ETH Zurich’s Gramazio Kohler Research group, a leader in digital fabrication. Their team works from an industrial space in Birr, Switzerland, where robots assemble custom reinforcement structures. These robots use precise data from architectural models, allowing seamless integration between design and production.
The result? Designers can experiment with organic curves, complex geometries, and expressive forms. For instance, the Tor Alva pavilion in Mulegns, Switzerland, showcases MESH’s technology. Its 3D printed concrete tower features a structural core made entirely from MESH’s custom rebar. Similarly, at the Venice Architecture Biennale, MESH presents A Robot’s Dream: an installation of floating steel rings that illustrates the creative potential of robotic construction.
Beyond aesthetics, MESH supports sustainability. The system reduces material waste and improves efficiency by optimising each rebar design. Errors are minimised, and labour-intensive tasks are automated. This approach also helps address labour shortages in the construction sector.
For example, MESH is contributing to the Gotthard Road Tunnel project. Here, robots build over 10,000 reinforcement cages for prefabricated concrete elements. This large-scale application demonstrates how MESH’s innovation can cut costs and reduce production times.
MESH’s technology is not just for experimental projects. The company rents its robots to manufacturers, bringing digital fabrication to a wider market. By offering scalable solutions, MESH supports the integration of advanced robotics into everyday construction.
For architects, interior designers, and product designers, MESH opens new possibilities. Their technology enables bold, sustainable, and precise designs. It also promotes circular construction by reducing waste and improving efficiency.
As the demand for sustainable, material-efficient, and visually striking structures grows, MESH’s innovation paves the way for the future of digital construction.
Source: ETH Zurich
Photos: Girts Apskalns / Michael Lyrenmann