Researchers at the University of St Andrews have developed two new methods to recycle nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR). This material is widely used in disposable gloves, seals, and industrial components. The new processes convert rubber waste into valuable materials that can also capture carbon dioxide.

NBR is difficult to recycle because of its thermoset structure. Unlike thermoplastics, it cannot be melted and reshaped. As a result, less than 2% of NBR waste is currently recycled, often into low-value products. Considering the global market of around 36 million tonnes per year, this presents a major challenge for circular design.

From Waste To Functional Polymers

The research team uses a catalytic process with ruthenium and hydrogen to break down NBR at the molecular level. This process unlocks the material’s chemical structure and transforms it into polyamines or polyols.

Polyamines can be produced at relatively low temperatures of around 35°C, which reduces energy demand. Polyols require higher temperatures but offer high efficiency. Designers already use polyols in foams, coatings, adhesives, and elastomers, making them highly relevant for product, interior, and industrial applications.

This approach moves beyond downcycling. Instead of lowering material value, it creates high-performance polymers from waste streams.

Materials That Capture Carbon

The innovation goes a step further by adding functionality. The polyamines derived from recycled NBR can bind carbon dioxide. Their chemical structure allows them to capture and store CO₂ in stable compounds. This property is already used in industrial carbon capture systems. However, embedding it in recycled materials creates new opportunities for design. Products and components could actively reduce emissions during use. For example, designers could integrate these materials into coatings, sealants, or composite systems. This would combine performance with environmental impact.

Implications For Sustainable Design

This development reflects a broader shift in material innovation. Materials no longer need to be just less harmful—they can contribute positively to environmental goals.

For product and packaging designers, this opens up new ways to work with recycled polymers that offer added functionality. In the built environment, architects and interior designers may also benefit from carbon-capturing coatings and materials.

By turning difficult waste streams into high-value, functional materials, this research supports circular and regenerative design strategies. It shows how material innovation can address both waste and emissions at the same time.

Source: University of St Andrews (via Phys.org)
Photo: Callum Hilton